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		<title>One Farm Tecnozoo – an integrated approach to managing a modern dairy farm</title>
		<link>https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/11/05/one-farm-tecnozoo-an-integrated-approach-to-managing-a-modern-dairy-farm/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[alice]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2026 11:28:03 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Company news]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dairy cows]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.tecnozoo.it/2026/11/05/one-farm-tecnozoo-an-integrated-approach-to-managing-a-modern-dairy-farm/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>In today’s livestock farming landscape, the efficiency and profitability of a farm no longer depend solely on individual production performance, but on the ability to manage the farm’s complexity through an integrated and coordinated approach.. It is from this realisation and a solid strategic vision that One Farm, Tecnozoo’s innovative project, was born. This project [&#8230;]</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/11/05/one-farm-tecnozoo-an-integrated-approach-to-managing-a-modern-dairy-farm/">One Farm Tecnozoo – an integrated approach to managing a modern dairy farm</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
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									<p>In today’s livestock farming landscape, the efficiency and profitability of a farm no longer depend solely on individual production performance, but on the ability to manage the farm’s complexity through an integrated and coordinated approach..</p><p>It is from this realisation and a solid strategic vision that <strong>One Farm</strong>, Tecnozoo’s innovative project, was born.</p><p></p><p>This project represents much more than a simple working method: it is a genuine paradigm shift that combines nutritional expertise of the highest calibre — which has always been a hallmark of Tecnozoo — with a multidisciplinary and shared vision. <strong>The aim is to support farmers through a highly trained technical and sales team</strong>, transforming the vast amount of data generated on the farm into strategic levers for the business’s growth and economic success.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What does the One Farm project offer?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>The beating heart of the One Farm project lies in the integration of four key operational areas: <strong>One Field, One Herd, One Health and One Business</strong>.</p><p>In the day-to-day management of a dairy farm, there is often a tendency to compartmentalise issues: nutrition on the one hand, agronomic management on the other, with health or economic matters only being addressed in emergencies.</p><p> </p><p>One Farm turns this approach on its head by overcoming fragmentation. The method is based on the <strong>systematic collection of data </strong>using shared formats, the <strong>regular analysis of results</strong> and the immediate implementation of targeted corrective actions. This process requires strict prerequisites: full alignment on objectives within the technical team, the active support of the farmer and the drafting of a written work plan that sets out short-, medium- and long-term goals.<br/><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Would you like to find out more about how to integrate the management of your dairy farm?</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><em>We look forward to seeing you at the Cremona Fair from 26 to 28 November: our experts will be on hand to explain all the details of the One Farm project and answer any questions you may have!</em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">1. One Field – Agricultural production supporting livestock farming</h2>				</div>
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									<p>A modern and efficient dairy farm cannot function without an inseparable link between the management of the farm and that of the land. The One Field programme aims to optimise forage plans in line with the herd’s actual nutritional requirements:</p><ul><li><strong>Farm profiling</strong>: we begin with an overall assessment of the farm to understand the potential of the land and crops.</li><li><strong>Targeted cropping plans</strong>: sowing schedules are determined directly by the estimated feed requirements for the entire livestock year, ensuring consistency between what is produced in the fields and what the animals actually consume.</li><li><strong>Stock and cost management</strong>: a rigorous stock take is carried out based on the herd’s feeding plan, accompanied by a careful analysis of the production costs of the farm’s forage to constantly assess and improve the overall efficiency of the farm.</li></ul>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">2. One Herd – The herd as the centrepiece of livestock farming</h3>				</div>
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									<p>The herd is the nerve centre of the dairy farm and is managed according to three main principles that combine technical precision with day-to-day care:</p><ul><li><strong>Analysis of technical data</strong>: we begin by taking an initial snapshot of the farm’s situation in order to draw up a jointly agreed plan. The analysis may be at an <em>entry </em>level (for new clients or farms without sophisticated data processing systems) or <em>in-depth</em> (for ongoing relationships supported by IT systems), culminating in a comprehensive report setting out clear objectives.</li><li><strong>Replacement herd management</strong>: from calf rearing to heifers, the focus is on the optimal management of colostrum feeding, the monitoring of growth curves and mortality rates, right through to the strategic planning of the replacement herd and the control of replacement costs.</li><li><strong>Nutritional management</strong>: using portable NIR analysers, laboratory analyses and sieves for the unifeed, the team monitors the animals’ actual feed intake, establishing a dynamic and targeted feeding regime for each physiological phase (lactation, dry period, transition and replacement) and accurately calculating Feed Efficiency (FE) and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC).</li></ul>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">3. One Health – Health and wellbeing as the foundation of performance</h2>				</div>
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									<p>There can be no high-volume production without high standards of animal welfare and health. The One Health approach addresses livestock management from a dual perspective aimed at ensuring sustainable performance:</p><ul><li><strong>Environment and welfare</strong>: using specific data collection methods, housing environments and management practices are analysed to identify critical areas in key sections such as the calf area, the dry-off area and the transition area. A summary score is assigned, enabling a report to be drawn up setting out actions categorised as short-term, medium-term and long-term.</li></ul><ul><li><strong>Health and diseases</strong>: the constant monitoring of health issues goes hand in hand with safeguarding <strong>milk quality</strong>. Through the monthly analysis of data from functional checks, targeted lists are generated for new infections, recurrences and the management of the dry-off period. In the event of critical issues, specific checks are carried out in the milking parlour (timings, hygiene, routines,<em>teat-end scores</em> and <em>cleanliness scores</em>) and in-depth bacteriological investigations are conducted to protect the udder and the quality of the raw milk.</li></ul><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Optimise the welfare and milk quality in your dairy!</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Come and visit us in <strong>Cremona from 26 to 28 November</strong> during the trade fair. Our experts are looking forward to showing you how the One Health approach can make a difference to your farm.</em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">4. One Business – Economic efficiency and the measurement of income</h2>				</div>
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									<p>All technical, health and agronomic efforts come together to produce one major end result: the farmer’s income.</p><p>The One Business section translates day-to-day management into key economic indicators, offering the farmer a transparent and controlled business overview:</p><ul><li><strong>Feed Efficiency and IOFC</strong>: continuous monitoring of the relationship between feed production and consumption, assessing the actual profit margin on feed expenditure (Income Over Feed Cost) and the corresponding <em>break-even point.</em></li><li><strong>Farm indicators and production costs</strong>: an analytical assessment of the litres of milk produced per animal, the cost of replacing the herd, the live cost per litre of milk and the overall farm balance sheet.</li></ul>								</div>
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									<p>With One Farm, Tecnozoo aims to position itself as a strategic partner of excellence, offering Italian livestock farmers practical tools to recognise the value of their hard work and guide their businesses towards a successful future.</p> <p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Do you want to make a real difference to the profitability and efficiency of your dairy farm?</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Don’t miss it: we’ll be at the trade fair in <strong>Cremona from 26 to 28 November.</strong> Our experts are on hand to welcome you, discuss all aspects of the One Farm project in detail and explore bespoke solutions tailored to your needs!</em></p>								</div>
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					<a class="qodef-shortcode qodef-m  qodef-button qodef-layout--filled  qodef-html--link" href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/contact-us/" target="_self" data-hover-color="#FFFFFF" style="color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #E7131A;border-color: #E2001A00">
	<span class="qodef-m-text">Contact us</span>
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		<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/11/05/one-farm-tecnozoo-an-integrated-approach-to-managing-a-modern-dairy-farm/">One Farm Tecnozoo – an integrated approach to managing a modern dairy farm</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
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		<title>Tecnozoo at EuroTier 2026: come and meet us in Hannover</title>
		<link>https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/10/30/tecnozoo-at-eurotier-2026-come-and-meet-us-in-hanover/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[alice]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2026 09:59:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Company news]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Events]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.tecnozoo.it/2026/10/30/tecnozoo-at-eurotier-2026-come-and-meet-us-in-hanover/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Tecnozoo at EuroTier 2026: come and meet us in Hannover From 10 to 13 November 2026, Tecnozoo Spa will be exhibiting at EuroTier, one of the most important international events for the livestock sector, to be held in Hannover, Germany.. Taking part offers an important opportunity to meet livestock farmers, professionals and industry stakeholders, share [&#8230;]</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/10/30/tecnozoo-at-eurotier-2026-come-and-meet-us-in-hanover/">Tecnozoo at EuroTier 2026: come and meet us in Hannover</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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									<p><strong>Tecnozoo at EuroTier 2026: come and meet us in Hannover</strong></p><p>From <strong>10 to 13 November 2026</strong>, Tecnozoo Spa will be exhibiting at <strong>EuroTier</strong>, one of the most important international events for the livestock sector, to be held in Hannover, Germany..</p><p>Taking part offers an important opportunity to meet livestock farmers, professionals and industry stakeholders, share experiences and discuss the needs of a constantly evolving sector.</p><p>Our team will be on hand to present Tecnozoo’s activities and proposals relating to the world of animal husbandry and to explore new opportunities for collaboration.</p><p><strong>Come and see us at Hall 21, Stand G45.</strong></p><p>We look forward to seeing you at EuroTier to discuss the future!</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;" data-pm-slice="1 1 []"><strong>Would you like to meet us at the trade fair?</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;" data-pm-slice="1 1 []">Please contact us to request further information or to arrange an appointment with our team.</p>								</div>
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	<span class="qodef-m-text">Book an appointment</span>
</a>
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									<p style="text-align: center;" data-pm-slice="1 1 []"><strong>You won’t be attending EuroTier but would like to get to know us better?</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;" data-pm-slice="1 1 []">Please leave us your contact details: we’ll get back to you to discuss your requirements in more detail and explore potential opportunities for collaboration.</p>								</div>
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					<a class="qodef-shortcode qodef-m  qodef-button qodef-layout--filled  qodef-html--link" href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/contact-us/" target="_self" data-hover-color="#FFFFFF" style="color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #E7131A;border-color: #E2001A00">
	<span class="qodef-m-text">Contact us</span>
</a>
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		<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/10/30/tecnozoo-at-eurotier-2026-come-and-meet-us-in-hanover/">Tecnozoo at EuroTier 2026: come and meet us in Hannover</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
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		<title>Oxidative stress in dairy cows: causes, damage and advanced nutritional strategies</title>
		<link>https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/10/22/oxidative-stress-in-dairy-cows-causes-damage-and-advanced-nutritional-strategies/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[alice]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2026 08:31:07 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Dairy cows]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.tecnozoo.it/2026/10/22/oxidative-stress-in-dairy-cows-causes-damage-and-advanced-nutritional-strategies/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The transition period – that is, the three weeks preceding and the three weeks following calving – represents the most delicate and crucial phase of the dairy cow’s entire production cycle. Within this complex metabolic context, oxidative stress often acts as a silent trigger for a whole host of problems, including reduced milk yield and [&#8230;]</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/10/22/oxidative-stress-in-dairy-cows-causes-damage-and-advanced-nutritional-strategies/">Oxidative stress in dairy cows: causes, damage and advanced nutritional strategies</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
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									<p>The <strong>transition period</strong> – that is, the three weeks preceding and the three weeks following calving – represents the most delicate and crucial phase of the dairy cow’s entire production cycle. Within this complex metabolic context, <strong>oxidative stress</strong> often acts as a silent trigger for a whole host of problems, including reduced milk yield and decreased fertility. </p><p>Nowadays, modern cattle farms can no longer afford to underestimate this phenomenon.</p><p>The targeted management of oxidative stress through the use of <strong>natural antioxidants and advanced phytochemicals</strong> helps to promote animal welfare and contributes to production efficiency and farm profitability.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is oxidative stress and why does it affect dairy cows during the transition period?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Oxidative stress occurs when there is a significant imbalance within the body between the production of free radicals and the ability of the endogenous and exogenous antioxidant defence systems to neutralise them.</p><p>In dairy cows, this imbalance finds its ideal conditions during the <strong>transition period</strong>, and it is precisely at this stage that two critical events occur simultaneously:<br><br></p><ol><li><strong>The surge in energy and metabolic requirements</strong>: the onset of colostrum synthesis and lactation requires a massive expenditure of energy.</li><li><strong>Feed intake depression</strong>: for physiological and management-related reasons, dairy cows drastically reduce their dry matter intake in the days immediately around calving.</li></ol><p>This energy imbalance forces the animal to draw heavily on its bodily reserves (particularly adipose tissue) and, by triggering this metabolic process, the cow exponentially increases the production of free radicals at a cellular level.</p><p>This excess of ROS selectively attacks cellular structures, triggering <strong>lipid peroxidation of cell membranes</strong>, impairing tissue function and setting off a dangerous systemic inflammatory cascade.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Critical developments during calving</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Analysis of oxidative stress trends in dairy cows shows that levels of peroxides and free radicals begin to rise in the immediate pre-partum period, before surging dramatically and reaching their <strong>peak around five days after calving</strong>. It is precisely during this time frame that the cow’s body is most vulnerable to metabolic disorders, infections and irreversible declines in reproductive performance. </p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The economic and health implications on the farm</h2>				</div>
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									<p>A prolonged state of oxidative stress that is not properly managed has a significant impact on the farm’s profit margins, affecting three main areas:</p><ul><li><strong>A drastic decline in fertility</strong>: free radicals damage oocytes and the uterine environment, seriously compromising key reproductive parameters such as the Conception Rate (CR) and the <em>Pregnancy Rate (PR)</em>. This results in a longer ‘open period’ and increased insemination costs. </li><li>Weakened immune system: an organism under oxidative stress responds inefficiently to pathogenic challenges, increasing the incidence of mastitis, retained placenta and metritis in the postpartum period.</li><li><strong>Loss of productive efficiency</strong>: reduced cell integrity and inflammatory processes divert precious energy and nutrients that would otherwise be channelled into milk production.</li></ul>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The key role of phytochemicals: polyphenols, salicylates and red grapevine in combating excess free radicals</h3>				</div>
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									<p>To effectively combat the damage caused by free radicals, modern animal nutrition moves beyond an approach based solely on synthetic substances and relies on the power of natural phytochemicals. Several scientific studies confirm the effectiveness of specific plant molecules in modulating metabolism and protecting cells: </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">1. Phenols and polyphenols from hydrolysed lignocellulose</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Lignin is a complex plant polymer consisting of phenylpropane units (coniferyl, coumaryl and sinapyl alcohols), the combination of which forms <strong>lignans</strong>. In nature, plants use these substances as a defensive barrier against fungi, bacteria and viruses, and as an antioxidant shield against solar radiation. When introduced into the <strong>diet of ruminants</strong>, lignans are beneficially modified by the ruminal and intestinal microflora, are subsequently absorbed, and exert a direct protective and antioxidant effect on cell membranes.  </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">2. Natural salicylates (White Willow and Meadowsweet)</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Salicylic acid – a natural precursor of the well-known acetylsalicylic acid molecule – is traditionally extracted from the bark of the white willow (<em>Salix alba</em>) and from <em>Spirea ulmaria</em> (<em>Filipendula ulmaria</em>), which synthesise the substance to protect themselves from biotic and abiotic attacks. In dairy cows, natural salicylates act as powerful natural modulators of post-partum inflammation and fever, helping the animal to get through the critical phase without overburdening the liver. </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">3. Red Grape (Vitis vinifera)</h3>				</div>
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									<p>An extraordinary plant-based concentrate that supports microcirculation and provides powerful natural antioxidants (anthocyanins and polyphenols), which work in perfect synergy with white willow and spirea.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">A field trial with Normoterm Orac</h2>				</div>
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									<p>To experience first-hand the benefits of a targeted nutritional strategy to combat oxidative stress, Tecnozoo – as part of a university thesis in collaboration with the Hungarian university Kaposvári Egyetem – monitored a field trial involving a group of Holstein dairy cows.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The application protocol</h3>				</div>
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									<p>The trial involved <span style="color: #e00000;"><strong><a style="color: #e00000;" href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/product/normoterm-orac/">Normoterm Orac,</a></strong></span> which was administered according to a specific regimen:</p><ul><li><strong>al parto</strong>: 300 grammi per capo somministrati entro le prime 12 ore dal parto all&#8217;interno del <em>drench</em>.</li><li><strong>During the first 30 days of lactation</strong>: 50 grams per animal per day, mixed directly into the total mixed ration (TMR).</li></ul>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Maintaining wellbeing and business continuity</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Monitoring of physical and blood parameters during the trial showed that supplementation with antioxidant phytochemicals helps to:</p><ul><li>Supporting Total Antioxidant Status (TAS): by promoting the body’s own ability to neutralise free radicals in the bloodstream.</li><li><strong>Supporting the normalisation of reproductive health</strong>: by promoting a natural return to normal rates of conception and pregnancy maintenance, thereby ensuring business continuity.</li><li>Protecting your investment in the dairy farm: supporting the cow’s welfare during the transition period helps to minimise the costs arising from metabolic imbalances and to maximise the farm’s efficiency</li></ul>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Protect your herd from the very first days after calving.</strong></p><p>Managing oxidative stress requires targeted nutritional strategies backed by sound scientific evidence. <strong>Contact Tecnozoo’s team of nutritionists and vets</strong> to analyse the needs of your herd and devise the most suitable anti-stress protocol for your dairy cows.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><em>Supporting studies and bibliography available on request.</em></p>								</div>
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		<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/10/22/oxidative-stress-in-dairy-cows-causes-damage-and-advanced-nutritional-strategies/">Oxidative stress in dairy cows: causes, damage and advanced nutritional strategies</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
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		<title>Autumn syndrome in dairy cows: understanding the causes to protect the farm</title>
		<link>https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/09/28/autumn-syndrome-in-dairy-cows-understanding-the-causes-to-protect-the-farm/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[alice]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2026 15:23:12 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Dairy cows]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.tecnozoo.it/2026/09/28/autumn-syndrome-in-dairy-cows-understanding-the-causes-to-protect-the-cowshed/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>As summer draws to a close and temperatures finally begin to cool, one would expect an immediate and natural recovery in milk production and the herd’s general health. However, on-farm data and international literature reveal a very different reality: the months of September, October and November are often characterised by a failure to recover milk [&#8230;]</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/09/28/autumn-syndrome-in-dairy-cows-understanding-the-causes-to-protect-the-farm/">Autumn syndrome in dairy cows: understanding the causes to protect the farm</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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									<p>As summer draws to a close and temperatures finally begin to cool, one would expect an immediate and natural recovery in milk production and the herd’s general health. However, on-farm data and international literature reveal a very different reality: the months of September, October and November are often characterised by a <strong>failure to recover milk production</strong>, an increase in post-calving diseases and a peak in the incidence of <strong>lameness </strong>and <strong>mastitis</strong>. </p><p>This complex phenomenon is known in the industry as <strong>‘autumn syndrome’ in dairy cows</strong>. It is not a single event, but rather the cumulative effect of metabolic, digestive, environmental and hormonal stresses that have built up over the summer months. </p><p>Let’s take a closer look at what happens in a cow’s body after the summer and how the farmer can take strategic action.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The legacy of heat stress: digestive physiology and tissue damage</h2>				</div>
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									<p>To understand ‘autumn syndrome’, we need to look back at the hot weeks.</p><p>We now know that the heat <strong>stress limit (THI) </strong>is no longer set at 72, as it was in the 1980s. With advances in genetics and increased production yields, the critical threshold for high-yielding dairy cows has fallen to a <strong>THI of 68</strong> (equivalent to just relative humidity). </p><p>When the THI exceeds this threshold, the cow undergoes peripheral vasodilation to dissipate heat. Studies (including the well-known research by Baumgard at Iowa State University) show that this phenomenon is accompanied by <strong>vasoconstriction in the visceral and intestinal systems</strong>. The reduced supply of blood and oxygen to the digestive tract causes a deterioration in the integrity of the mucosa and the contraction of the intestinal villi.  </p><p>In addition to this, there are:</p><ul><li><strong>Reduced feed intake and acidosis</strong>: a decrease in dry matter intake, combined with hyperventilation (which disperses and reduces the buffering capacity of saliva), increases the risk of ruminal and intestinal acidosis.</li><li><strong>Oxidative stress</strong>: strain on the digestive system leads to an imbalance between the production and neutralisation of free radicals, causing oxidative stress and cell death in the tissues.</li><li><strong>Loss of ruminal efficiency</strong>: the bacterial flora reduces the ability to synthesise microbial protein, digest fibre and carry out the biohydrogenation of fatty acids, thereby compromising both the quantity and quality of the milk produced.</li></ul><p>During the summer months, the use of <strong>antioxidants </strong>and balancing agents is essential for neutralising free radicals, supporting metabolism and maintaining normal ruminal function. <br><br></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Overcrowding and newly calved cows: the risk of ketosis in autumn</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Another key aspect of the autumn syndrome relates to reproduction. High summer temperatures disrupt the regularity of oestrus cycles, leading to an unusual <strong>concentration of births between the end of summer and throughout the autumn.</strong> </p><p>This gives rise to two serious management issues:</p><ol><li><strong>Overcrowding in the pens</strong>: too many animals crammed into the same spaces.</li><li><strong>Increase in the number of fresh cows</strong>: the high number of cows at the start of lactation increases the number of animals exposed to a physiological <strong>energy deficit</strong>.</li></ol><p>In autumn, as feed intake does not increase at the same rate as the lactation curve, the animal draws heavily on its fat reserves, releasing enormous quantities of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) into the bloodstream.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The trap of ketosis and fatty liver disease</h2>				</div>
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									<p>NEFA reach the liver cells, where they are converted into energy in the mitochondria (the Krebs cycle). However, this process requires specific transport molecules and catalysts: </p><ul><li><strong>Carnitine </strong>(via the enzyme carnitine acyltransferase) is essential for transporting NEFAs into the mitochondria.</li><li><strong>Vitamin B12</strong> and glucose precursors are essential for facilitating chemical reactions.</li></ul><p>If the metabolic pathway becomes saturated or these key molecules are lacking, the build-up of acyl-CoA leads to the formation and release of <strong>ketone bodies</strong> into the bloodstream. Furthermore, excess unprocessed fat is re-esterified within the liver in the form of triglycerides, resulting in <strong>hepatic steatosis </strong>and severely compromising the organ’s vital functions. </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Targeted nutritional impact</h3>				</div>
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									<p>To reduce the risk of ketosis in fresh cows, it is essential to use ingredients with different rates of availability: fast-acting energy sources (<strong>propylene glycol</strong>) and slow-release energy sources (<strong>glycerol</strong>), <strong>sugars </strong>for the ruminal microflora, <strong><strong>vitamin B12</strong>, niacinamide (<strong>vitamin PP</strong>)</strong>,<strong> rumen-protected choline</strong> and bypass methionine (to limit the accumulation of lipids in the liver), and<strong> L-carnitine</strong> to transport fatty acids into the mitochondria.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Lameness and laminitis in autumn: the delayed onset</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Why do lameness cases peak between late summer and early autumn (affecting even a high proportion of the cows in the barn)?</p><p>The answer lies in a combination of three factors experienced over the summer:</p><ol><li>Metabolic factors: fluid loss due to hyperventilation reduces buffering capacity, triggering micro-acidosis and the release of toxins that cause foot inflammation (laminitis).</li><li><strong>Mechanical factors</strong>: in order to dissipate heat, the cow spends much more time standing than lying down, placing excessive strain on the hoof structure.</li><li>Environmental factors: the constant use of hand showers and summer watering creates damp environments and slippery floors, which soften the horn on the foot, making it vulnerable.</li></ol><p>As the hoof takes around two months to grow and for any damage to become visible on the surface, ulcers, white-line lesions and severe lameness tend to appear in the autumn.</p><p>To prevent problems and support hoof regeneration, the diet must provide <strong>highly bioavailable organic zinc </strong>(essential for cell structure and tissue healing), <strong>biotin </strong>– which is vital for keratin synthesis and the mechanical strength of the hoof – and <strong>iodine</strong>.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Postnatal udder hygiene</h2>				</div>
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									<p>The autumn season brings with it the stress accumulated over the summer, changes in the animal’s physiological state and a decline in the cow’s immune defences. In this context, <strong>mastitis </strong>and elevated <strong>somatic cell</strong> counts pose a real risk to milk quality. </p><p>Combining an appropriate diet with a rigorous hygiene and health protocol during milking — through the use of film-forming post-dipping treatments and highly stable disinfectants (such as formulations based on chlorine dioxide or iodine) — is essential for protecting the teat sphincter from bacterial infections.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Tecnozoo’s nutritional solutions for autumn</h2>				</div>
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									<p>To assist farmers in managing the risks associated with autumn syndrome, <strong>Tecnozoo </strong>offers formulations designed to support the herd’s normal physiology, metabolism and feed efficiency:</p><ul><li><strong>KETONIC</strong>: a dietary supplement formulated to reduce the risk of ketosis in dairy cows. It combines the rapid and sustained energy release of propylene glycol, glycerol and sugars with the inclusion of vitamin B12, niacinamide, rumen-protected choline, bypass methionine and L-carnitine, thereby promoting the utilisation of fatty acids by the liver. </li><li><strong>REMEDIUM AC</strong>: a complementary feed for ruminants, ideal for helping animals cope with periods of metabolic stress, thereby minimising problems associated with reduced efficiency in the barn.</li></ul><p>A balanced supply of zinc and biotin promotes keratin synthesis and supports the natural mechanical strength of the hoof.</p><ul><li><strong>AGECON PLUS</strong>: a mineral feed containing organic acids and zinc in an organic chelated form. Thanks to the synergy of its components, it promotes physiological cellular stability and supports metabolism, helping to optimise the efficiency of the feed ration. </li><li><strong>PODALIK PLUS</strong>: a nail hygiene solution containing copper salts, zinc and glutaraldehyde.</li><li><strong>HEPATOS</strong>: its new formula has been improved to provide greater support for liver function. With the inclusion of betaine and methionine, as well as B-group vitamins and yeasts that play a role in detoxification processes, Hepatos helps maintain liver metabolism during periods of metabolic stress, such as seasonal changes. Furthermore, extracts of milk thistle, a source of silymarin, and artichoke, a source of cynarin, are traditionally used to support liver and digestive function.  </li></ul>								</div>
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									<p>Autumn syndrome is not an inevitable fate of the modern dairy farm, but a complex physiological condition that can be anticipated and managed. Monitoring feed intake, protecting the liver from the risk of ketosis, supporting hoof keratinisation and maintaining udder hygiene are the cornerstones for ensuring the herd’s continued productivity and welfare. </p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center"><strong>Contact Tecnozoo to analyse the parameters of your livestock housing and draw up the feeding and supplementation plan best suited to your farm.</strong></p>								</div>
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		<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/09/28/autumn-syndrome-in-dairy-cows-understanding-the-causes-to-protect-the-farm/">Autumn syndrome in dairy cows: understanding the causes to protect the farm</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
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		<title>The transition phase in dairy cows: when prevention really pays off</title>
		<link>https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/09/08/the-transition-phase-in-dairy-cows-when-prevention-really-pays-off/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[alice]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Sep 2026 08:55:49 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Dairy cows]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.tecnozoo.it/?p=25666</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The transition phase — that delicate period spanning the last three weeks of the dry period and the first thirty days of lactation — is the real ‘litmus test’ for any dairy farm. During this period, the cow undergoes profound hormonal, metabolic and digestive changes: a critical phase in which even the slightest management error [&#8230;]</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/09/08/the-transition-phase-in-dairy-cows-when-prevention-really-pays-off/">The transition phase in dairy cows: when prevention really pays off</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
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									<p>The transition phase — that delicate period spanning the last three weeks of the dry period and the first thirty days of lactation — is the real ‘litmus test’ for any dairy farm. During this period, the cow undergoes profound hormonal, metabolic and digestive changes: a critical phase in which even the slightest management error can lead to metabolic disorders, drops in production and significant financial losses. </p><p>Among the critical factors, the management of calcium metabolism and energy balance is undoubtedly the most important.</p><p>What is the most robust scientific evidence available today for managing the <em>CLOSE-UP</em> period and the onset of lactation as effectively as possible? How can we turn prevention into a real financial return for the farm? </p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Calcium metabolism and the negative DCAD turning point</h2>				</div>
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									<p>In the 24 hours leading up to calving, a cow’s daily calcium requirement is around 20 grams, which is necessary for foetal growth and maintenance. Immediately after calving, to meet the demands of colostrum and milk production, this requirement suddenly rises to over 52 grams a day. </p><p>To compensate for this ‘sudden change’ of over 32 grams, the cow’s body must urgently activate its endocrine mechanisms: parathyroid hormone (PTH) signals the kidneys to retain calcium, activates vitamin D and stimulates the bones to release the mineral into the bloodstream.</p><p>If the pre-calving diet is alkaline (rich in potassium or sodium), blood and urine pH levels remain high (&gt; 7.50). In this context, the tissues lose their responsiveness to PTH: the cow is unable to mobilise her bone reserves promptly and develops <strong>hypocalcaemia </strong>(which, in almost 50 per cent of multiparous cows, occurs in a subclinical form, often undetectable but highly damaging). </p><p>Adopting an <strong>acidogenic diet with a negative DCAD</strong> in <em>close-up</em> groups alters the animal’s acid-base balance, inducing mild compensated metabolic acidosis. This condition increases the sensitivity of PTH receptors, enabling the cow to immediately draw on bone calcium and accelerate the absorption of nutrients from the feed. </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is the target urinary pH?</h3>				</div>
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									<p>As confirmed by research carried out by Prof. Jesse Goff (Iowa State University), the average urine pH of the entire group in the <em>close-up</em> phase should be between <strong>6.2 and 6.3</strong> (with an acceptable range of 6.0 to 6.8). Lowering the pH to below 6.0 offers no benefits and risks causing excessive acidification, leading the cows to reduce their dry matter intake. </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The impact on income</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Studies show that a good protocol for negative DCAD generates <strong>a 3:1 ROI (return on investment)</strong>. Against the cost of anionic salts and appropriate supplementation, the dairy farm gains an average of <strong>1.5 kg/day more milk</strong> (approximately +450 kg per lactation) and drastically reduces the incidence of postpartum collapse, retained placenta and abomasal displacement. </p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Anionic diet for heifers in Close-Up: yes or no?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>In modern cattle sheds, it is not uncommon for pregnant heifers to share the same <em>close-up </em>pen with multiparous cows, receiving the same<em> steaming-up </em>ration. There has long been debate as to whether the use of anionic diets might harm or benefit primiparous cows. </p><p>Research findings from the University of Florida (published in the <em>Journal of Dairy Science</em>) have shed light on this issue:</p><ul><li><strong>Uterine health and disorders</strong>: heifers fed a moderately negative DCAD diet (-50 mEq/ks SS) showed a marked reduction in the risk of metritis (25.6 per cent compared with 36.3 per cent on traditional diets) and lower overall morbidity.</li><li><strong>Beware of going to extremes</strong>: formulations with highly acidified formulations (matching urinary pH) offer no benefits to heifers and may adversely affect feed intake and energy metabolism.</li></ul><p><strong>Advice for the cattle shed</strong>: when heifers and multiparous cows share the same pre-calving group, the best approach is to adopt a partial<strong><strong> DCAD diet (between -50 and -100 mEq/kgSS)</strong></strong>: a balanced solution that protects the uterine health of first-calf heifers without risking a loss of appetite.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The fresh cow: the importance of metabolisable protein and calcium propionate</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Once calving is over, the challenge shifts to managing the<strong> Negative Energy Balance (NEB)</strong>. Milk production rises rapidly, whilst feed intake increases more slowly, forcing the cow to draw on her body reserves. </p><p>Research presented by Ohio University shows that, during the first 25 days of lactation, the real limiting factor is not just energy, but the intake of<strong> Metabolisable Protein (MP)</strong> and the correct balance of essential amino acids. Feeding rations that are rich in MP and balanced in terms of amino acids increases voluntary intake (+1.1 kg DM/day) and limits excessive loss of body mass. </p><p>At the same time, to support the liver as it works to break down NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids) and prevent the formation of ketone bodies, the oral administration of <strong>calcium propionate</strong> proves to be a valuable aid. By acting both as a source of soluble calcium and as a direct precursor of glucose (via propionic acid), it helps to maintain blood glucose levels, reduces hepatic stress and promotes milk production. </p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Tecnozoo’s proposal for your transition</h2>				</div>
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									<p>For over forty years, Tecnozoo has been supporting livestock farmers with nutritional solutions designed to meet the animals’ physiological needs during the most critical stages of the production cycle.</p><p>To manage the dry period as effectively as possible and prepare the cow for calving, the Tecnozoo range offers two key products:</p><ul><li><strong>CLOSE UP HA</strong>: A mineral feed specifically designed for the final three weeks of the dry period. Its formulation is balanced to provide the correct anionic salts needed to lower blood pH and stimulate calcium metabolism. It contains a carefully calculated level of magnesium – a key element for the proper functioning of endocrine receptors – combined with a blend of vitamins and minerals designed to support the immune system in the pre-calving period.  </li><li><strong>COW DRY PLUS SE NEW</strong>: Designed for the entire dry period, this mineral feed meets the cow’s vitamin and mineral requirements whilst providing the added benefit of heat-treated linseed, which is rich in essential Omega-3 fatty acids. The presence of soluble fibre, sugars, brewer’s yeast and oligosaccharides stimulates the ruminal microflora, helping to restore normal digestive balance before the new production cycle. </li></ul>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Conclusion</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Managing the transition is not simply a matter of changing the feed ration, but requires a holistic approach that combines precision nutrition, housing comfort and constant monitoring (such as regular checks of urine pH and space in the cubicles).</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center"><strong>Contact Tecnozoo’s technical support team to analyse the transition process on your farm and draw up the integration programme best suited to your needs.</strong></p>								</div>
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	<span class="qodef-m-text">Contact us</span>
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		<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/09/08/the-transition-phase-in-dairy-cows-when-prevention-really-pays-off/">The transition phase in dairy cows: when prevention really pays off</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
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		<title>Silage techniques and silo management: quality parameters, microbiological risks and solutions for forage preservation</title>
		<link>https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/08/17/silage-techniques-and-silo-management-quality-parameters-microbiological-risks-and-solutions-for-forage-preservation/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[alice]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2026 08:20:13 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Hygiene and Biosecurity]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.tecnozoo.it/?p=25493</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Silage production is now one of the cornerstones of ruminant feeding on modern farms. Originally developed in the Nordic countries to ensure the availability of feed during the winter months, this preservation technique has become widely established thanks to its high operational efficiency and its ability to preserve the nutritional value of forage crops.Adopting the [&#8230;]</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/08/17/silage-techniques-and-silo-management-quality-parameters-microbiological-risks-and-solutions-for-forage-preservation/">Silage techniques and silo management: quality parameters, microbiological risks and solutions for forage preservation</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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									<p>Silage production is now one of the cornerstones of ruminant feeding on modern farms. Originally developed in the Nordic countries to ensure the availability of feed during the winter months, this preservation technique has become widely established thanks to its high operational efficiency and its ability to preserve the nutritional value of forage crops.<br/>Adopting the right silage techniques offers undeniable strategic advantages: </p><ul><li><strong>Minimising dry matter (DM) losses</strong>: whilst nutrient losses can reach or exceed 30% with traditional haymaking, in a well-managed and properly sealed silage, they are usually kept below 10%.</li><li>Long-term nutritional stability: the food can be stored without losing its nutritional value for extended periods, allowing for consistent meal planning.</li><li><strong>Yield maximisation:</strong> this enables the optimal use of crops with high green matter production and the division of the land into two or three annual harvests.</li><li>Operational efficiency: facilitates the mechanisation of Unifeed (TMR) mixing and distribution operations.</li></ul><p>However, the success of silage production depends entirely on the proper management of anaerobic fermentation. Errors during harvesting, compaction or ensiling can compromise the palatability of the forage, reduce livestock performance and pose serious risks to animal health. </p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Sensory analysis of silage: how to identify abnormalities in the silo pit</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Even before resorting to laboratory analyses, the farmer and the nutritionist can assess the condition of the silage by carrying out an organoleptic examination of the sensory parameters. Each olfactory and visual profile provides precise indications of the fermentation processes that have taken place inside the silo; in particular, the olfactory aspect, when assessed by an experienced professional, allows any anomalies to be identified immediately. Let’s look at these below: </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Smell of vinegar (acetic acid)</h3>				</div>
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									<p>A pronounced acetic odour indicates that lactic fermentation has not been dominant or efficient. Lactic acid is, in fact, the ideal fermentation product as it rapidly lowers the pH without<br/>causing excessive losses of dry matter and is free from pungent odours. An excess of acetic acid indicates unbalanced heterofermentative fermentation.  </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">A rancid or fishy smell (butyric acid)</h3>				</div>
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									<p>The presence of butyric acid is often an indication of <strong>Clostridium </strong>contamination. This phenomenon frequently occurs when silage is too wet (moisture content above 70 per cent) or due to soil ingress during mowing and chopping (e.g. excessively low cutting heights or contamination from slurry). The silage is often viscous and sticky, characterised by high protein degradation, low energy value and a marked reduction in palatability.  </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Smell of ammonia</h3>				</div>
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									<p>An ammonia-like odour indicates excessive decomposition and breakdown of proteins into ammonia and amines. This is caused either by a failure of the pH to drop or by advanced clostridial activity. </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">A sweet, alcoholic smell (ethanol)</h3>				</div>
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									<p>The perception of a sweet or fruity aroma is linked to the high concentration of ethanol produced by the action of yeasts on soluble sugars. This process results in significant losses of dry matter and predisposes the mass to aerobic heating when the trench front is opened. </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Smell of caramel or tobacco</h3>				</div>
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									<p>This refers to forage that has suffered prolonged <strong>heat damage</strong> during storage, which is typical of silage batches with an excessively high dry matter content (forage that is too dry). In this context, the Maillard reaction is triggered, whereby proteins bind with sugars, rendering them indigestible for the animal (increase in insoluble nitrogen, ADF-N). </p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Microbiological and toxicological hazards in defective silage</h2>				</div>
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									<p>When the acidification process is slow or incomplete and oxygen inadvertently enters the mass, this creates the ideal microenvironment for the development of pathogens and toxins.</p>								</div>
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															<img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="768" height="526" src="https://www.tecnozoo.it/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/TEC-immagini-per-articoli-sito-4-768x526.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-25490" alt="" srcset="https://www.tecnozoo.it/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/TEC-immagini-per-articoli-sito-4-768x526.png 768w, https://www.tecnozoo.it/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/TEC-immagini-per-articoli-sito-4-300x205.png 300w, https://www.tecnozoo.it/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/TEC-immagini-per-articoli-sito-4-1024x701.png 1024w, https://www.tecnozoo.it/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/TEC-immagini-per-articoli-sito-4-1536x1051.png 1536w, https://www.tecnozoo.it/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/TEC-immagini-per-articoli-sito-4-600x411.png 600w, https://www.tecnozoo.it/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/TEC-immagini-per-articoli-sito-4.png 2031w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" />															</div>
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									<p>1. Clostridia and ‘late bloating’ in cheeses<br/>Anaerobic bacteria of the genus <em>Clostridium (including C. tyrobutyricum, C. butyricum and C. sporogenes)</em> ferment carbohydrates and proteins. C. tyrobutyricum is capable of converting lactic acid into butyric acid, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, thereby raising the pH of the curd.<br/>Clostridial spores pass through the dairy cow’s digestive system and enter the milk via faecal contamination during milking. The presence of these spores in the milk causes serious structural defects in hard and semi-hard cheeses (Grana Padano, Parmigiano Reggiano, Emmental), known as <strong>late bloating</strong>.<br/>In extreme cases, contamination of the chopped mass with animal carcasses promotes the growth of Clostridium botulinum, the causative agent of botulism in cattle.  <br><strong>2. Biogenic amines and metabolic disorders</strong><br/>Proteolysis carried out by Clostridium flora leads to the formation of biogenic amines such as putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine and histamine. As well as reducing the amount of feed ingested, excess histamine in the bloodstream, for example, causes alterations in vascular permeability and blood stasis in the keratogenic zone, acting as a predisposing factor for painful symptoms and lesions in the bovine foot (lameness). <br><strong>3. Enteric bacteria and silo-filling disease</strong><br/>Enterobacteria such as Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei and Serratia fonticola compete with lactic acid bacteria during the initial stages of ensiling. Their ability to reduce nitrates to nitrites and subsequently to gaseous nitrogen oxides (NO₂, N₂O₄) results in the release of yellow-brown gas from the silo. Inhalation of these fumes by operators causes severe irritation to lung tissue, a condition known as ‘silo-filling disease’.  </p><p><strong>4. Moulds and mycotoxins</strong><br/>Developing mainly on the plant or, in some cases, on the side of the silage pit exposed to the air, moulds (<em>Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, etc.</em>) degrade the nutritional value of the silage and produce toxic secondary metabolites. The most common are: </p><ul><li><strong>Aflatoxins (AFLA B1)</strong>: these have hepatotoxic and immunosuppressive effects; their presence in feed leads to the excretion of aflatoxin M1 in milk, which is subject to statutory limits.</li><li><strong>Deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin) and zearalenone (ZEN)</strong>: produced by species belonging to the genus Fusarium, they cause a reduction in feed intake, immunosuppression, reproductive disorders (hyper-oestrogenism, irregular cycles, abortions) and a decline in milk production.</li><li>Fumonisins: reduced feed intake, liver damage, a general decline in performance and a reduction in the animal’s immune function.</li></ul>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The use of additives for silage stabilisation: AGECON 2</h2>				</div>
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									<p>To reduce the risks associated with abnormal fermentation and prevent aerobic decay at the head of the trench, it is essential to combine good agronomic practices (proper curing, rapid compaction, airtight sealing) with the use of specific chemical or biological preservative additives.</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="561" height="279" src="https://www.tecnozoo.it/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Screenshot-2026-08-03-171336.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-25491" alt="" srcset="https://www.tecnozoo.it/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Screenshot-2026-08-03-171336.png 561w, https://www.tecnozoo.it/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Screenshot-2026-08-03-171336-300x149.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px" />															</div>
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									<p>In this context, AGECON 2 offers a solution to ensure the protection and stabilisation of the forage crop.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Technical specifications of AGECON 2</h2>				</div>
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									<p>To ensure effective protection of the forage during all stages of silage production, Tecnozoo offers AGECON 2, a liquid preservative premix developed specifically for the treatment of silage intended for cattle, sheep, goats and pigs. This solution works through the presence of ammonium propionate, an active ingredient which, once distributed and mixed evenly throughout the forage, gradually releases propionic acid.<br/>The targeted action of propionic acid acts directly on the critical points of the preservation process, acidifying the forage uniformly and effectively inhibiting the growth of yeasts and moulds. This preventative measure prevents the onset of undesirable secondary fermentation, helping to stabilise the silage temperature and avoiding the self-heating phenomena that commonly occur during silage removal or when the front of the silage pit is exposed to the air.<br/>Keeping the silage cool and microbiologically stable means preserving the integrity of the nutrients, limiting the loss of dry matter and safeguarding the palatability of the forage, thereby ensuring high intake by the animals in the barn.<br/>Achieving silage of high nutritional and hygienic quality requires attention at every stage of the production chain: from the choice of harvest time, to the management of the harvesting site, right through to the strategic use of preservatives   </p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><em>Would you like to find out more?</em></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Get in touch with our specialist Tecnozoo technicians or drop us a line!</strong></p>								</div>
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		<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/08/17/silage-techniques-and-silo-management-quality-parameters-microbiological-risks-and-solutions-for-forage-preservation/">Silage techniques and silo management: quality parameters, microbiological risks and solutions for forage preservation</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
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		<title>Stress in poultry: causes, impacts on production and new nutritional solutions</title>
		<link>https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/08/03/stress-in-poultry-causes-impacts-on-production-and-new-nutritional-solutions/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[alice]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2026 09:58:22 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Poultry]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.tecnozoo.it/2026/08/03/stress-in-poultry-causes-impacts-on-production-and-new-nutritional-solutions/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>In modern poultry production systems, characterised by high production standards and rapid growth rates, maintaining the animals’ physiological balance is key to ensuring both animal welfare and the profitability of the farm. Among the most critical environmental and management factors, stress — and in particular heat stress — represents one of the main challenges. Understanding [&#8230;]</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/08/03/stress-in-poultry-causes-impacts-on-production-and-new-nutritional-solutions/">Stress in poultry: causes, impacts on production and new nutritional solutions</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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									<p>In modern poultry production systems, characterised by high production standards and rapid growth rates, maintaining the animals’ physiological balance is key to ensuring both animal welfare and the profitability of the farm.</p><p>Among the most critical environmental and management factors, <strong>stress </strong>— and in particular<strong> heat stress </strong>— represents one of the main challenges. Understanding the physiological mechanisms by which poultry respond to <em>stressors </em>and adopting appropriate nutritional prevention strategies is now an absolute necessity for every poultry farmer. </p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is stress and why does it affect poultry?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>In the fields of veterinary medicine and animal husbandry, we define <strong>stress </strong>as the body’s overall response to an external stimulus or event (<em>stressor</em>) capable of disrupting <strong>homeostasis</strong>, that is, the animal’s natural ability to maintain stable internal conditions.</p><p>Poultry are particularly sensitive to sudden changes in temperature and environmental stresses due to specific physiological characteristics:</p><ol><li><strong>Lack of sweat glands:</strong> unlike mammals, birds cannot sweat to dissipate excess body heat.</li><li><strong>High metabolic rate</strong>: modern genetic selection has led to extraordinary growth rates in broilers and high egg production in laying hens. This intense metabolism generates a considerable amount of internal heat, which must be continuously dissipated. </li><li><strong>Unfavourable surface area-to-weight ratio</strong>: in rapidly growing individuals, the body surface area available for heat exchange with the external environment is small in relation to their total muscle mass.</li></ol>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The thermoneutral zone and the animal’s response</h2>				</div>
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									<p>The<strong> thermoneutral zone </strong>refers to the temperature range within which an animal does not need to activate energy-intensive compensatory mechanisms to maintain a constant body temperature:</p><ul><li><strong>Broiler chickens</strong>: between 18 °C and 21 °C.</li><li><strong>Laying hen</strong>: between 18 °C and 24 °C.</li></ul><p>When the ambient temperature and humidity exceed these values, the traditional mechanisms of heat dissipation (conduction, convection and radiation) become less effective. The animals are therefore forced to resort to <strong>evaporation via open-beak breathing (<em>panting</em>)</strong>, drastically increasing their respiratory rate to exchange heat through their air sacs. </p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How can you recognise the symptoms of stress in poultry?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>On farms, the presence of animals experiencing heat stress or management-related stress is clearly evident through specific behavioural indicators:</p><ul><li><strong>Open-mouthed breathing (<em>panting</em>)</strong> prolonged;</li><li><strong>Wings raised and held away from the body </strong>to increase the surface area exposed to the air;</li><li><strong>A sharp reduction in food intake</strong> and a simultaneous<strong> increase in water consumption;</strong></li><li>Lethargy and a constant search for cooler or more breezy areas;</li><li><strong>Looser stools</strong>, caused by both excessive water intake and intestinal disturbances.</li></ul>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The impact on livestock farming: from oxidative stress to financial losses</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Stress is not merely a temporary state of discomfort; it triggers a veritable cascade of physiological and metabolic changes. Let’s look at some of them below:</p><ol><li><strong>Oxidative stress and cellular damage</strong>: an accelerated metabolism and hyperventilation lead to an excessive build-up of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful to cell membranes and tissues.</li><li><strong>Impaired intestinal integrity (<em>Leaky Gut</em>)</strong>: stress reduces blood flow to the digestive system, diverting it to the skin. This damages the cell junctions of the intestinal mucosa, compromising the digestive barrier, impairing nutrient absorption and facilitating the entry of pathogens into the body. </li><li><strong>Decline in performance and quality</strong>: there has been a drastic fall in the feed conversion ratio (FCR), a slowdown in weight gain in broilers and a decline in egg-laying rates, accompanied by a deterioration in shell quality and strength in laying hens.</li><li><strong>Increased mortality</strong>: during acute events (sudden heatwaves), cardiorespiratory failure can lead to unexpected spikes in mortality.</li></ol>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Key moments of vulnerability in animals</h2>				</div>
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									<p>In addition to rising summer temperatures, there are other critical stages in the rearing cycle during which the animal is most vulnerable to stress:</p><ul><li><strong>Settling in and group reorganisation</strong>: these are delicate stages of adapting to new environments and group hierarchies.</li><li><strong>Extreme weather events</strong>: extreme heatwaves combined with high levels of relative humidity.</li><li>Transport and handling: physical and environmental stresses during transit.</li><li><strong>Peak production phases</strong>: periods when metabolic demand is at its highest.</li></ul>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Tecnozoo’s solution: POULTRY FLAMFLUID</h2>				</div>
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									<p>To support the physiology and wellbeing of poultry during the most demanding stages and periods of high ambient temperatures, <strong>Tecnozoo </strong>offers<strong> POULTRY FLAMFLUID,</strong> a liquid feed supplement designed as a nutritional aid to help maintain the animal’s physiological balance.</p><p><strong>POULTRY FLAMFLUID</strong> supplements the daily feed ration by harnessing the properties of a selection of<strong> botanical extracts and plant-based phytocomplexes </strong>rich in bioactive compounds:</p><ul><li><strong>Salix alba and Spirea ulmaria (sources of natural salicylates)</strong>: these promote general wellbeing and support the body’s physiological response to stress caused by management practices and environmental factors, ensuring excellent gastrointestinal tolerability and helping to maintain organ function even during the hottest periods.</li><li>Turmeric (curcumin): provides valuable nutritional support for the body’s antioxidant defences, helping to regulate the physiological response to oxidative stress and supporting tissue integrity.</li><li><strong>Blackcurrant (anthocyanins and polyphenols)</strong>: helps protect cells from the effects of free radicals (ROS) during periods of intense molecular metabolism, supporting the animal’s natural adaptation during the most critical stages of the rearing cycle.</li></ul>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The benefits of POULTRY FLAMFLUID for your farm</h2>				</div>
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									<p>The inclusion of <strong>POULTRY FLAMFLUID</strong> provides valuable nutritional support for poultry farming, offering a range of benefits for animal physiology and productivity:</p><ul><li><strong>Supports the body’s antioxidant defences: </strong>helps the body combat oxidative stress at a cellular level.</li><li>Balance of the gut flora: helps maintain the physiological balance of the gut microbiota, contributing to healthy digestion and supporting the intestinal barrier.</li><li><strong>Support for physiological recovery</strong>: helps the animal adapt to changes in its environment and management, thereby helping to maintain its natural homeostasis.</li><li>Support for heat tolerance: helps maintain physiological metabolic balance and sustain consistent performance even in challenging environmental conditions.</li></ul>								</div>
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									<p>Stress management in poultry requires a combined approach: on the one hand, the optimisation of rearing facilities (adequate ventilation, <em>cooling </em>or <em>misting systems</em>, correct stocking density); on the other, <strong>targeted and timely nutritional support</strong>.</p><p>Combining proper farm management with a natural, scientifically formulated product such as <strong>POULTRY FLAMFLUID</strong> enables the farmer to safeguard the animals’ welfare, boost production output and protect the farm’s profitability.</p><p style="text-align: center"><em>Would you like to find out more about POULTRY FLAMFLUID and Tecnozoo’s nutritional solutions for the poultry sector?</em></p><p style="text-align: center"><strong>Get in touch with our specialist Tecnozoo technicians or drop us a line!</strong></p>								</div>
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		<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/08/03/stress-in-poultry-causes-impacts-on-production-and-new-nutritional-solutions/">Stress in poultry: causes, impacts on production and new nutritional solutions</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
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		<title>Stress and aggression in pigs: the role of nutrition in animal welfare management</title>
		<link>https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/07/15/stress-and-aggression-in-pigs-the-role-of-nutrition-in-animal-welfare-management/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[alice]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2026 08:12:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Swine]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.tecnozoo.it/?p=25456</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>On modern pig farms, pigs may be exposed to numerous stress factors throughout their production cycle. Weaning, the formation of new groups, transfers between units, transport, high stocking densities and environmental changes are all situations that can influence the animals’ behaviour. Stress is a natural physiological response, but when stressful stimuli become particularly intense or [&#8230;]</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/07/15/stress-and-aggression-in-pigs-the-role-of-nutrition-in-animal-welfare-management/">Stress and aggression in pigs: the role of nutrition in animal welfare management</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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									<p>On modern pig farms, pigs may be exposed to numerous <strong>stress factors</strong> throughout their production cycle. Weaning, the formation of new groups, transfers between units, transport, high stocking densities and environmental changes are all situations that can influence the animals’ behaviour. </p><p>Stress is a natural physiological response, but when stressful stimuli become particularly intense or prolonged, they can increase restlessness and competitive behaviour within the group, making herd management more challenging.</p><p>For this reason, pig welfare today requires an approach that integrates <strong>management, the environment and nutrition.</strong></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why is stress a challenge on pig farms?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>In pigs, aggression is often linked to the establishment of the social hierarchy.</p><p>When animals from different groups are brought together, it is normal to observe interactions aimed at establishing new social relationships. However, certain factors can intensify these behaviours: </p><ul><li>shuffling of groups;</li><li>weaning;</li><li>trasferimenti tra reparti;</li><li>competition for food and water;</li><li>high density;</li><li>sub-optimal environmental conditions;</li><li>thermal stress.</li></ul><p>Careful management of these aspects helps to improve the animals’ welfare and the peace of mind of the whole group.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What approach should be taken to reduce stress factors?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>There is no single solution for managing stress in pigs.</p><p>Practical experience shows that the best results come from combining different management strategies.</p><p>The most important aspects include:</p><ul><li><strong>formation of homogeneous groups;</strong></li><li><strong>sufficient space;</strong></li><li>proper environmental enrichment;</li><li><strong>a constant supply of water and food;</strong></li><li><strong>a suitable microclimate;</strong></li><li><strong>feed formulated to suit the production stage.</strong></li></ul><p>These elements can be complemented by a specific nutritional programme, tailored to the needs of the farm.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The role of plant extracts in pig nutrition</h2>				</div>
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									<p>In recent years, animal nutrition has seen an increasing use of <strong>plant extracts</strong>, phytocomplexes and natural substances derived from aromatic and medicinal plants.</p><p>These ingredients are used in nutritional formulations because they help to <strong>maintain the animal’s normal physiological balance</strong> during situations characterised by increased environmental or management stress.</p><p>When included as part of a balanced diet, plant extracts can provide valuable support as part of a nutritional programme devised in consultation with a healthcare professional.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Tecnozoo’s solutions for supporting pigs during periods of management stress</h2>				</div>
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									<p>To meet the needs of modern pig farms, Tecnozoo has developed a range of products designed to provide <strong>nutritional support for pigs in stressful situations</strong>. The formulations are designed to be incorporated into specific feeding programmes, with the aim of helping to maintain the animal’s physiological balance during the most critical stages. </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CALM FORTE PLUS</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Among the solutions designed to manage stress is <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000;"><strong><a style="color: #ff0000;" href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/product/calm-forte-plus/">CALM FORTE PLUS</a></strong></span>, a complementary feed formulated with selected ingredients and <strong>plant extracts</strong>, developed for use during periods of increased management pressure, such as weaning, transfers, the formation of new groups or other situations that may affect the animals’ behaviour.</p><p>The formulation is designed to help maintain the <strong>normal physiological balance</strong> of pigs as part of a proper nutritional strategy.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">ARMONY LINE</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Alongside CALM FORTE PLUS, Tecnozoo offers the Armony line, comprising <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000;"><a style="color: #ff0000;" href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/product/swine-armony-formula/"><strong>SWINE ARMONY FORMULA</strong></a></span> and <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000;"><strong><a style="color: #ff0000;" href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/product/swine-armonyfluid/">SWINE ARMONY FLUID</a></strong></span>, two complementary feeds developed to be incorporated into pigs’ nutritional programmes during phases characterised by increased environmental or management stress.</p><p>The formulations contain a selection of ingredients and plant extracts designed to help maintain the animals’ normal physiological and behavioural balance as part of proper livestock management.</p><p>Thanks to their different methods of administration, SWINE ARMONY FORMULA – to be added to the feed – and SWINE ARMONY FLUID – to be added to drinking water – allow the nutritional programme to be tailored to the specific needs of the farm.</p><p>As part of an integrated approach that encompasses the proper management of herds, the environment and feed, the Armony range provides valuable nutritional support to help pigs through the most critical stages of the production cycle.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Tecnozoo’s tips</h2>				</div>
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									<p>To deal effectively with stressful situations, it is advisable to adopt a comprehensive strategy that includes:</p><ul><li><strong>reduction in factors contributing to competition </strong>amongst animals;</li><li><strong>effective management of groups;</strong></li><li><strong>clean, dry and well-ventilated areas;</strong></li><li><strong>a balanced and consistent diet;</strong></li><li><strong>evaluation of nutritional programmes involving specific supplementation</strong>, tailored to the needs of the livestock farm.</li></ul><p>Every farm has its own unique characteristics: for this reason, it is important to identify the most suitable strategies with the support of qualified professionals.</p><p>The requirements of a livestock farm may vary depending on genetics, facilities, the stage of production and management practices.</p><p>For this reason, the choice of a nutritional programme should always form part of a comprehensive technical assessment.</p><p> </p><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Would you like to find out more about Tecnozoo’s solutions for managing stress in pigs?</em></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Request a personalised consultation</strong> or<strong> ask your local Tecnozoo agent for more information.</strong></p>								</div>
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		<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/07/15/stress-and-aggression-in-pigs-the-role-of-nutrition-in-animal-welfare-management/">Stress and aggression in pigs: the role of nutrition in animal welfare management</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
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		<title>Strategies for managing heat stress in calves</title>
		<link>https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/07/03/strategies-for-managing-heat-stress-in-calves/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[alice]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 09:13:37 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Calves]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.tecnozoo.it/2026/07/03/strategies-for-managing-heat-stress-in-calves/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>In the common perception of livestock farming, heat stress is a phenomenon that mainly affects lactating cows. However, research and field evidence show that calves are just as vulnerable to high temperatures. Whilst cooling systems are now standard practice for adult cows, calves often spend the summer in facilities which, if not managed properly, can [&#8230;]</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/07/03/strategies-for-managing-heat-stress-in-calves/">Strategies for managing heat stress in calves</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
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									<p>In the common perception of livestock farming, heat stress is a phenomenon that mainly affects lactating cows. However, research and field evidence show that <strong>calves are just as vulnerable</strong> to high temperatures. </p><p>Whilst cooling systems are now standard practice for adult cows, calves often spend the summer in facilities which, if not managed properly, can turn into veritable ‘heat traps’.</p><p>Managing heat stress is not just about improving animal welfare, but also about protecting the farm’s future investment: a calf that suffers severe heat stress in the early stages of life will see its growth performance and future efficiency compromised.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The physiology of stress: when the calf ‘suffers’</h2>				</div>
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									<p>The calf’s welfare is closely linked to the surrounding microclimate.</p><p>Studies indicate that calves are within their thermal comfort zone when the ambient temperature is between <strong>13°C and 25°C.</strong> Above this threshold, conditions become critical. </p><p>The universal benchmark is the <strong>THI (Temperature-Humidity Index)</strong>, an index that combines air temperature and relative humidity. When the THI reaches <strong>72</strong>, calves begin to show the first signs of ‘distress’, but unlike adults, the signs in calves may be more subtle yet equally serious. Let’s look at them below: </p><ul><li><strong>Hyperventilation</strong>: an increase in respiratory rate to dissipate heat through pulmonary evaporation.</li><li><strong>Sweating</strong>: a process which, whilst useful for cooling the body, results in a massive loss of fluids and minerals.</li><li><strong>Lethargy</strong>: a reduction in movement to avoid generating further metabolic heat.</li></ul><p>Above <strong>25.5°C</strong> – identified as the <strong>UCT (Upper Critical Temperature)</strong> – calves are no longer able to maintain a constant body temperature without expending additional energy.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The nutritional paradox: greater nutritional needs, less appetite</h2>				</div>
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									<p>One of the most insidious effects of the heat is a change in feeding behaviour. During the summer, intake of starter feed (solid) tends to fall dramatically. This creates a paradox: whilst the calf eats less, its<strong> energy expenditure on thermoregulation increases</strong>. The energy that would normally be channelled into growth and the development of the immune system is ‘burned off’ to maintain thermal homeostasis.   </p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The crucial role of milk and water</h2>				</div>
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									<p>To compensate for this energy deficit, it is essential not to restrict milk intake. Providing the right amount of milk or milk substitute is the key strategy for ensuring the calorie intake required for growth during the summer months. </p><p>At the same time, fluid management becomes the cornerstone of survival. The <strong>availability of fresh</strong>, clean water is not only a legal requirement but a biological necessity. Research shows that the amount of water consumed directly influences the development of the rumen. In summer, water intake may increase independently of starter feed consumption; therefore, water must always be available, right from the first days of life.   </p><p>One detail that is often overlooked is the <strong>temperature of the water</strong>: water that is too hot is unpalatable, reducing the total intake of fluids. Furthermore, to support the animal’s physiology and prevent dehydration caused by sweating, it is strongly recommended that <strong>electrolytes be added to the water.</strong> These help to maintain cellular osmotic balance without the need for therapeutic intervention.  </p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Housing design to create an ideal microclimate</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Although individual pens or igloos are excellent for controlling neonatal diseases, they can overheat rapidly in direct sunlight. Proper management of these facilities can reduce the internal temperature by <strong>1–2°C</strong>, a difference that can be vital for a calf. </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Orientation and shading</h3>				</div>
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									<p>The best structural solution involves installing the ‘hutches’ with their <strong>openings facing East</strong>. This positioning allows the less intense morning sunlight to enter, whilst protecting the inside of the cage from the scorching afternoon sun, thereby minimising direct solar heating. </p><p>Artificial shading is another powerful tool. Installing a shade net <strong>positioned 90–120 cm above the cages creates an effective barrier against UV rays</strong>, whilst promoting air circulation between the net and the structure. The strategic use of trees or existing canopies can also provide valuable natural shelter.  </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Ventilation and airflow dynamics</h3>				</div>
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									<p>In summer, stagnant air is bad for your health. To maximise air circulation, the cages should be spaced apart: we recommend at least 1<strong> metre of space between them</strong> and <strong>3 metres between rows.</strong> </p><p>A simple but extremely effective technique involves raising the <strong>rear of the igloo</strong> by about 10–20 cm, for example by placing it on a couple of concrete blocks. This simple adjustment creates a ‘chimney effect’ or a cross-flow of air which: </p><ol><li>Increase the internal air exchange.</li><li>It reduces the temperature felt by the calf.</li><li>It reduces <strong>ammonia </strong>levels, improving the quality of the air we breathe and reducing the strain on the respiratory tract.</li></ol>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Litter hygiene and pest control</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Bedding management undergoes a complete transformation between winter and summer. Whilst straw is unbeatable in the colder months due to its insulating properties (its ability to retain heat), in summer this very quality becomes a disadvantage. </p><p>During the warmer months, it is best to use materials with low insulating properties, such as <strong>sand or sawdust</strong>, which allow the calf to dissipate heat by conduction whilst lying on a cool surface. Regardless of the material chosen, the key requirement remains dryness: dry bedding drastically reduces the amount of ammonia and, above all, breaks the biological cycle of flies. </p><p>Flies are not just an annoying nuisance; their buzzing and bites significantly increase the animal’s stress levels. As flies use damp areas to lay their eggs, keeping the resting area clean and dry is the first line of biological defence on the farm. </p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Operational optimisation: the time factor</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Finally, stress management also involves the organisation of human work. All activities involving the handling of calves or which increase their agitation — such as moving them, weighing them or vaccinating them — must strictly be scheduled for the <strong>early hours of the morning</strong>. During this time, ambient temperatures are at their lowest and the animal has had the opportunity to recover overnight, arriving at the appointment with a lower basal body temperature.  </p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Tecnozoo’s solutions to support calves during periods of heat stress</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Managing <strong>heat stress in calves</strong> requires an integrated approach, in which the environment, management and nutrition work together to help maintain the animal’s <strong>normal physiological balance</strong>.</p><p>To meet the various needs of livestock farming, Tecnozoo has developed a range of complementary feeds and supplementary products that can be incorporated into specific nutritional programmes during periods of high temperatures.</p><p><a style="color: #ff0000;" href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/product/normoterm-fluid/"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>NORMOTERM FLUID </strong></span></span></a>is a liquid complementary feed containing natural phytochemicals, including <strong>Salix alba L</strong>. and <strong>Filipendula ulmaria Max</strong>, formulated to help maintain the animal’s physiological and oxidative balance; it is particularly suitable for periods characterised by high temperatures and reduced appetite.</p><p>To support the <strong>normal balance of the gut flora</strong> – a particularly important factor in situations of increased environmental stress – Tecnozoo offers <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000;"><strong><a style="color: #ff0000;" href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/product/gardian-one/">GARDIAN ONE</a></strong></span>, a complementary feed based on prebiotics and probiotics, designed to support calves during the most delicate stages of their growth.</p><p>During the summer months, it is also essential to ensure that <strong>fluid and electrolyte balance</strong> is maintained. In this context, <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000;"><a style="color: #ff0000;" href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/product/reidral-liquid/">REIDRAL LIQUID</a></span></strong> provides valuable nutritional support thanks to its supply of mineral salts and readily available energy, making it particularly suitable during periods of high temperatures or increased fluid requirements. </p><p>For calves requiring rapid replenishment of water, minerals and energy, <strong>BIREIDRAL 1+2</strong> is also available. This is an energy-enriched saline rehydration solution formulated to promote a balanced return to normal nutrition in fatigued or debilitated animals, and as a nutritional aid in situations characterised by digestive disorders, helping to restore the water-electrolyte balance.</p><p>For animals requiring specific nutritional support, it is also possible to include <span style="color: #ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a style="color: #ff0000; text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/product/dietomilk/">DIETOMILK</a></strong></span></span>, a complementary feed developed to support calves during the most critical stages of rearing, and <span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a style="color: #ff0000;" href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/product/vitam/">VITAM</a></span></strong></span>, a vitamin solution formulated to supplement the diet during periods of increased nutritional requirements.</p>								</div>
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									<p>The choice of the most suitable nutritional programme must always be made by carefully assessing the characteristics of the farm, the age of the animals and the environmental conditions, with the support of the technical advisor and the veterinary surgeon.</p><p>Protecting calves from heat stress requires a multidisciplinary approach that combines precision nutrition, environmental engineering and good management practices, because a healthy calf today will be a healthy heifer tomorrow and a productive cow the day after tomorrow.</p><p> </p><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Would you like to find out which approach is best suited to your herd?</em></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Request a personalized consultation.</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong> </strong></p>								</div>
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		<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/07/03/strategies-for-managing-heat-stress-in-calves/">Strategies for managing heat stress in calves</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
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		<title>Heat Stress in Dairy Cows: Metabolic and Productive Impacts and Management StrategiesStress da caldo nelle vacche da latte: impatti metabolici, produttivi e strategie di gestione.</title>
		<link>https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/06/15/heat-stress-in-dairy-cows-metabolic-and-productive-impacts-and-management-strategiesstress-da-caldo-nelle-vacche-da-latte-impatti-metabolici-produttivi-e-strategie-di-gestione/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[alice]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 2026 14:48:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Dairy cows]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.tecnozoo.it/2026/06/15/heat-stress-in-dairy-cows-metabolic-and-productive-impacts-and-management-strategiesstress-da-caldo-nelle-vacche-da-latte-impatti-metabolici-produttivi-e-strategie-di-gestione/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Heat stress is not simply a reduction in feed intake or a temporary decline in production. It is a complex physiological response involving metabolism, intestinal health, the immune system, fertility and production. Understanding the mechanisms underlying heat stress makes it possible to adopt more effective management and nutritional strategies, with the aim of supporting cow [&#8230;]</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/06/15/heat-stress-in-dairy-cows-metabolic-and-productive-impacts-and-management-strategiesstress-da-caldo-nelle-vacche-da-latte-impatti-metabolici-produttivi-e-strategie-di-gestione/">Heat Stress in Dairy Cows: Metabolic and Productive Impacts and Management StrategiesStress da caldo nelle vacche da latte: impatti metabolici, produttivi e strategie di gestione.</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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									<p>Heat stress is not simply a reduction in feed intake or a temporary decline in production.</p><p>It is a complex physiological response involving metabolism, intestinal health, the immune system, fertility and production.</p><p>Understanding the mechanisms underlying heat stress makes it possible to adopt more effective management and nutritional strategies, with the aim of supporting cow welfare and helping maintain farm productivity even during the most critical months of the year.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Heat stress can have a significant impact on your herd&#8217;s performance. Would you like to evaluate the most suitable strategies for your farm? </em></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Request a personalized consultation from Tecnozoo technicians.</strong></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Heat Stress: One of the Main Causes of Inefficiency in Dairy Farms</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Heat stress is one of the most detrimental factors affecting the profitability of dairy cattle farms. High environmental temperatures, especially when associated with high levels of relative humidity, can compromise the animal’s physiological balance, resulting in a series of metabolic adaptations that negatively affect production, fertility, health and welfare. </p><p>In recent years, these phenomena have become increasingly important in Italy, where summer heat waves are becoming more frequent and prolonged. It has therefore become essential to understand and manage heat stress not merely as a seasonal issue, but as an integral part of technical herd management strategies. </p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why Are High-Producing Dairy Cows More Sensitive to Heat?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>The dairy cow is an animal characterized by intense metabolic activity. During milk synthesis, a considerable amount of metabolic heat is produced and must be dissipated into the environment; therefore, as milk production increases, so does the amount of energy converted into heat. </p><p>This means that a cow producing 40–45 kg of milk per day has a lower tolerance to heat than less productive animals and can more easily enter a state of stress.</p><p>When the ability to dissipate heat becomes insufficient due to high temperatures, the body activates a series of compensatory mechanisms aimed at maintaining body temperature.</p><p>These include:</p><ul><li>Increased respiratory rate;</li><li>Increased water consumption;</li><li>Greater sweating;</li><li>Increased peripheral blood flow;</li><li>Reduced physical activity;</li><li>Reduced dry matter intake.</li></ul><p>All these adaptations result in increased maintenance energy requirements and a lower availability of nutrients for production.</p><p>The reduction in feed intake explains only part of the production losses. Although heat stress has traditionally been associated with reduced feed consumption, this is not the only factor responsible for decreased production.</p><p>It is true that cows tend to reduce their dry matter intake during the hottest periods. This occurs as a way of limiting the heat production resulting from ruminal fermentation; however, the phenomenon involves numerous physiological and metabolic adaptations that affect the cow’s productive efficiency. </p><p>Studies (Rhoads et al., 2009; Wheelock et al., 2010; Baumgard et al., 2012) indicate that <strong>lower feed intake accounts for approximately 50% of the decline in milk yield</strong>.</p><p>The remaining portion is linked to profound endocrine and metabolic changes occurring in animals subjected to heat stress.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Heat Stress and Metabolism: What Really Happens in the Cow?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>During summer, when temperatures rise significantly, the dairy cow undergoes profound metabolic changes. Being in a negative energy balance, she mobilizes body reserves to support productive functions. </p><p>Despite reduced feed intake and the resulting body weight loss, other indicators of heat stress can be observed:</p><ul><li>Increased circulating insulin;</li><li>Reduced mobilization of adipose tissue;</li><li>Decreased NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids);</li><li>modificazione della destinazione dei nutrienti.</li></ul><p>An increasing proportion of glucose is utilized by peripheral tissues involved in thermoregulation, reducing the availability of energy for the mammary gland.</p><p>This directly contributes to lower milk production and reduced feed efficiency.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What Are the Productive and Reproductive Effects of Heat Stress?</h2>				</div>
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									<p>The consequences of heat stress may appear rapidly and can also persist over time.</p><p>Among the most commonly observed <strong>effects on production</strong> are, in addition to a reduction in milk yield, the following:</p><ul><li>Reduced milk fat and protein percentages;</li><li>Worsened feed efficiency;</li><li>Loss of body condition.</li></ul><p>Among the<strong> reproductive effects</strong>:</p><ul><li>Reduced reproductive efficiency;</li><li>Lower fertility;</li><li>Increased calving-to-conception interval;</li><li>Increased risk of abortion.</li></ul><p>In addition, increased oxidative stress, metabolic alterations, greater predisposition to hoof problems and increased systemic inflammatory pressure are often observed.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How to Properly Manage Heat Stress? Advice from Tecnozoo Specialists </h2>				</div>
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									<p>Effective management of heat stress in dairy farming requires an integrated and comprehensive approach involving facilities, management and nutrition.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Optimize Ventilation and Cooling</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Proper microclimate management is the first intervention to implement.</p><p>Forced ventilation systems, evaporative cooling and THI (Temperature Humidity Index) monitoring help reduce the thermal load on animals and improve barn comfort.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Ensure High-Quality Water</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Water is the most important nutrient during the summer months.</p><p>It is essential to verify the availability, flow rate and quality of waterers to meet the increased water requirements of dairy cows.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Support Rumen Functionality</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Reduced feed intake and changes in feeding behavior can increase the risk of digestive imbalances.</p><p>Therefore, maintaining rumen stability through proper ration formulation and the use of specific ingredients when necessary is important.</p>								</div>
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									<p>Modern nutritional strategies include solutions formulated to support metabolic balance and intestinal functionality during periods of increased environmental pressure.</p><p>Live yeasts, yeast metabolites, osmoregulatory substances, vitamins, organic trace elements and plant extracts can be incorporated into nutritional programs developed by veterinarians and nutritionists.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Every farm has specific needs. Would you like to learn which nutritional and management strategies are most suitable for your operation? </em></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Contact your local Tecnozoo representative.</strong></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Which Tecnozoo Products Are Recommended for Heat Stress?</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">SUMMER 300 TOP PELLET: Nutritional Support During Periods of Intense Heat</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Among the nutritional strategies that can be adopted during the summer months, SUMMER 300 TOP is a complementary feed formulated to help maintain the normal physiology of dairy cows during periods characterized by high environmental temperatures.</p><p>The formulation provides betaine, useful for supporting cells under osmotic stress and dehydration conditions, niacin and choline, involved in energy and lipid metabolism, as well as minerals and trace elements that help replenish losses associated with heat stress.</p><p>The presence of live yeasts, probiotics and plant extracts completes the product, helping to maintain rumen efficiency and stability.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">NORMOTERM ORAC: Support for Oxidative Balance During Stress</h3>				</div>
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									<p>Heat stress is frequently associated with increased oxidative stress and metabolic pressure on the body. NORMOTERM ORAC is a complementary feed formulated with products obtained from processed plants, polyphenols and phenolic compounds of plant origin. </p><p>Thanks to the presence of substances with antioxidant activity, the product is intended to help maintain the animal’s oxidative and physiological balance during periods of greater environmental stress.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">AGENOR: Support for Ration Stability During Critical Periods</h3>				</div>
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									<p>During the hottest months, high temperatures can affect the quality of the TMR, promoting undesirable fermentations and faster nutrient degradation. AGENOR is a complementary feed formulated with selected plant-derived products to help maintain the thermal and oxidative balance of both the animal and the ration. </p><p>During the hottest months, high temperatures can affect the quality of the TMR, promoting undesirable fermentations and faster nutrient degradation. AGENOR is a complementary feed formulated with selected plant-derived products to help maintain the thermal and oxidative balance of both the animal and the ration. </p><p>Thanks to its formulation, AGENOR helps limit abnormal fermentations within the TMR, promoting better preservation of feed nutritional value and good ration digestibility. The product can be included in nutritional programs aimed at supporting dry matter intake and maintaining productive performance during periods characterized by high environmental temperatures. </p><p>SUMMER 300 TOP, NORMOTERM ORAC and AGENOR can be included in nutritional programs designed to support cows during periods of severe heat stress.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Would you like to find out which approach is best suited to your herd?</em></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Request a personalized consultation.</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong> </strong></p>								</div>
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		<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/2026/06/15/heat-stress-in-dairy-cows-metabolic-and-productive-impacts-and-management-strategiesstress-da-caldo-nelle-vacche-da-latte-impatti-metabolici-produttivi-e-strategie-di-gestione/">Heat Stress in Dairy Cows: Metabolic and Productive Impacts and Management StrategiesStress da caldo nelle vacche da latte: impatti metabolici, produttivi e strategie di gestione.</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.tecnozoo.it/en/">TecnoZoo</a>.</p>
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