{"id":25666,"date":"2026-09-08T10:55:49","date_gmt":"2026-09-08T08:55:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tecnozoo.it\/?p=25666"},"modified":"2026-09-08T10:55:49","modified_gmt":"2026-09-08T08:55:49","slug":"the-transition-phase-in-dairy-cows-when-prevention-really-pays-off","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tecnozoo.it\/en\/2026\/09\/08\/the-transition-phase-in-dairy-cows-when-prevention-really-pays-off\/","title":{"rendered":"The transition phase in dairy cows: when prevention really pays off"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"25666\" class=\"elementor elementor-25666 elementor-25659\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7733c20b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7733c20b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b2f985f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b2f985f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The transition phase \u2014 that delicate period spanning the last three weeks of the dry period and the first thirty days of lactation \u2014 is the real \u2018litmus test\u2019 for any dairy farm. During this period, the cow undergoes profound hormonal, metabolic and digestive changes: a critical phase in which even the slightest management error can lead to metabolic disorders, drops in production and significant financial losses. <\/p><p>Among the critical factors, the management of calcium metabolism and energy balance is undoubtedly the most important.<\/p><p>What is the most robust scientific evidence available today for managing the <em>CLOSE-UP<\/em> period and the onset of lactation as effectively as possible? How can we turn prevention into a real financial return for the farm? <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e0eafb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e0eafb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Calcium metabolism and the negative DCAD turning point<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dcc7ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4dcc7ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the 24 hours leading up to calving, a cow\u2019s daily calcium requirement is around 20 grams, which is necessary for foetal growth and maintenance. Immediately after calving, to meet the demands of colostrum and milk production, this requirement suddenly rises to over 52 grams a day. <\/p><p>To compensate for this \u2018sudden change\u2019 of over 32 grams, the cow\u2019s body must urgently activate its endocrine mechanisms: parathyroid hormone (PTH) signals the kidneys to retain calcium, activates vitamin D and stimulates the bones to release the mineral into the bloodstream.<\/p><p>If the pre-calving diet is alkaline (rich in potassium or sodium), blood and urine pH levels remain high (&gt; 7.50). In this context, the tissues lose their responsiveness to PTH: the cow is unable to mobilise her bone reserves promptly and develops <strong>hypocalcaemia <\/strong>(which, in almost 50 per cent of multiparous cows, occurs in a subclinical form, often undetectable but highly damaging). <\/p><p>Adopting an <strong>acidogenic diet with a negative DCAD<\/strong> in <em>close-up<\/em> groups alters the animal\u2019s acid-base balance, inducing mild compensated metabolic acidosis. This condition increases the sensitivity of PTH receptors, enabling the cow to immediately draw on bone calcium and accelerate the absorption of nutrients from the feed. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9953734 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9953734\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is the target urinary pH?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6c0a9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6c0a9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As confirmed by research carried out by Prof. Jesse Goff (Iowa State University), the average urine pH of the entire group in the <em>close-up<\/em> phase should be between <strong>6.2 and 6.3<\/strong> (with an acceptable range of 6.0 to 6.8). Lowering the pH to below 6.0 offers no benefits and risks causing excessive acidification, leading the cows to reduce their dry matter intake. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba96fd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ba96fd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The impact on income<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c79b727 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c79b727\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Studies show that a good protocol for negative DCAD generates <strong>a 3:1 ROI (return on investment)<\/strong>. Against the cost of anionic salts and appropriate supplementation, the dairy farm gains an average of <strong>1.5 kg\/day more milk<\/strong> (approximately +450 kg per lactation) and drastically reduces the incidence of postpartum collapse, retained placenta and abomasal displacement. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-681add8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"681add8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Anionic diet for heifers in Close-Up: yes or no?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0567b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0567b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In modern cattle sheds, it is not uncommon for pregnant heifers to share the same <em>close-up <\/em>pen with multiparous cows, receiving the same<em> steaming-up <\/em>ration. There has long been debate as to whether the use of anionic diets might harm or benefit primiparous cows. <\/p><p>Research findings from the University of Florida (published in the <em>Journal of Dairy Science<\/em>) have shed light on this issue:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Uterine health and disorders<\/strong>: heifers fed a moderately negative DCAD diet (-50 mEq\/ks SS) showed a marked reduction in the risk of metritis (25.6 per cent compared with 36.3 per cent on traditional diets) and lower overall morbidity.<\/li><li><strong>Beware of going to extremes<\/strong>: formulations with highly acidified formulations (matching urinary pH) offer no benefits to heifers and may adversely affect feed intake and energy metabolism.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Advice for the cattle shed<\/strong>: when heifers and multiparous cows share the same pre-calving group, the best approach is to adopt a partial<strong><strong> DCAD diet (between -50 and -100 mEq\/kgSS)<\/strong><\/strong>: a balanced solution that protects the uterine health of first-calf heifers without risking a loss of appetite.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48fd355 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48fd355\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The fresh cow: the importance of metabolisable protein and calcium propionate<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b737a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b737a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Once calving is over, the challenge shifts to managing the<strong> Negative Energy Balance (NEB)<\/strong>. Milk production rises rapidly, whilst feed intake increases more slowly, forcing the cow to draw on her body reserves. <\/p><p>Research presented by Ohio University shows that, during the first 25 days of lactation, the real limiting factor is not just energy, but the intake of<strong> Metabolisable Protein (MP)<\/strong> and the correct balance of essential amino acids. Feeding rations that are rich in MP and balanced in terms of amino acids increases voluntary intake (+1.1 kg DM\/day) and limits excessive loss of body mass. <\/p><p>At the same time, to support the liver as it works to break down NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids) and prevent the formation of ketone bodies, the oral administration of <strong>calcium propionate<\/strong> proves to be a valuable aid. By acting both as a source of soluble calcium and as a direct precursor of glucose (via propionic acid), it helps to maintain blood glucose levels, reduces hepatic stress and promotes milk production. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dabfda elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0dabfda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tecnozoo\u2019s proposal for your transition<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b23c316 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b23c316\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For over forty years, Tecnozoo has been supporting livestock farmers with nutritional solutions designed to meet the animals\u2019 physiological needs during the most critical stages of the production cycle.<\/p><p>To manage the dry period as effectively as possible and prepare the cow for calving, the Tecnozoo range offers two key products:<\/p><ul><li><strong>CLOSE UP HA<\/strong>: A mineral feed specifically designed for the final three weeks of the dry period. Its formulation is balanced to provide the correct anionic salts needed to lower blood pH and stimulate calcium metabolism. It contains a carefully calculated level of magnesium \u2013 a key element for the proper functioning of endocrine receptors \u2013 combined with a blend of vitamins and minerals designed to support the immune system in the pre-calving period.  <\/li><li><strong>COW DRY PLUS SE NEW<\/strong>: Designed for the entire dry period, this mineral feed meets the cow\u2019s vitamin and mineral requirements whilst providing the added benefit of heat-treated linseed, which is rich in essential Omega-3 fatty acids. The presence of soluble fibre, sugars, brewer\u2019s yeast and oligosaccharides stimulates the ruminal microflora, helping to restore normal digestive balance before the new production cycle. <\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae71b1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ae71b1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5c2723 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f5c2723\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Managing the transition is not simply a matter of changing the feed ration, but requires a holistic approach that combines precision nutrition, housing comfort and constant monitoring (such as regular checks of urine pH and space in the cubicles).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1c73d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1c73d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Contact Tecnozoo\u2019s technical support team to analyse the transition process on your farm and draw up the integration programme best suited to your needs.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c1c285 elementor-widget elementor-widget-chateau_core_button\" data-id=\"4c1c285\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"chateau_core_button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"qodef-shortcode qodef-m  qodef-button qodef-layout--filled  qodef-html--link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tecnozoo.it\/en\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_self\" data-hover-color=\"#FFFFFF\" style=\"color: #FFFFFF;background-color: #E7131A;border-color: #E2001A00\">\n\t<span class=\"qodef-m-text\">Contact us<\/span>\n<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5ac939 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c5ac939\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The transition phase \u2014 that delicate period spanning the last three weeks of the dry period and the first thirty days of lactation \u2014 is the real \u2018litmus test\u2019 for any dairy farm. During this period, the cow undergoes profound hormonal, metabolic and digestive changes: a critical phase in which even the slightest management error [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":25665,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1083],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dairy-cows"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The transition phase in dairy cows: prevention and profitability<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How should pre- and post-calving care be managed in dairy cows? 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